Masana kimiyya sun sami shaidar umarnin haraji 187 a cikin lita 20 na ruwa da aka tattara daga ɗayan mafi munin yanayi a duniya.
Tawagar masana kimiyya karkashin jagorancin Ƙungiyar Kare namun daji (WCS) da Jami'ar Jihar Appalachian sun yi amfani da DNA muhalli (eDNA) don rubuta nau'in halittu masu tsayi na dutse mafi tsayi a duniya, 29,032-foot (mita 8,849) fadin Dutsen Everest. Wannan muhimmin aikin wani bangare ne na 2019 National Geographic da Rolex Perpetual Planet Everest Expedition, balaguron kimiyya mafi girma da aka taɓa samu.
Da yake rubuta game da binciken su a cikin mujallar iScience, ƙungiyar ta tattara eDNA daga samfuran ruwa daga tafkuna goma da rafuka a zurfin da ke tsakanin ƙafa 14,763 (mita 4,500) zuwa ƙafa 18,044 (mita 5,500) sama da makonni huɗu. Waɗannan rukunin yanar gizon sun haɗa da wuraren bel masu tsayi waɗanda ke sama da layin bishiyar kuma suna ɗauke da nau'ikan tsire-tsire na furanni da nau'in ciyayi, da kuma bel ɗin aeolian waɗanda suka wuce tsire-tsire masu fure da shrubs a sama a cikin biosphere. Sun gano kwayoyin halittun da ke cikin odar taxonomic guda 187 daga lita 20 na ruwa kawai, daidai da kashi 16.3%, ko kashi shida, na adadin sanannun umarni a cikin Bishiyar Rayuwa, itacen iyali na halittun duniya.
eDNA na neman gano adadin kwayoyin halitta da kwayoyin halitta da namun daji suka bari a baya da kuma samar da mafi araha, sauri da kuma hanyar da ta fi dacewa don inganta iyawar bincike don tantance bambancin halittu a cikin ruwa. Ana tattara samfurori ta hanyar amfani da akwati da aka hatimce wanda ke dauke da tacewa wanda ke kama kwayoyin halitta, wanda aka yi nazari a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje ta hanyar yin amfani da DNA metabarcoding da sauran dabarun tsarawa. WCS tana amfani da eDNA don gano nau'ikan nau'ikan da ba su da yawa kuma suna cikin haɗari daga humpback whales zuwa Swinhoe softshell kunkuru, ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙarancin jinsuna a Duniya.
Taswirar jeri yana karanta na ƙwayoyin cuta da aka gano kuma aka rarraba su cikin tsari na haraji ta amfani da SingleM da bayanan Greengenes daga kowane rukunin yanar gizo.
Ko da yake binciken Everest ya mayar da hankali kan gano matakin tsari, ƙungiyar ta sami damar gano halittu da yawa har zuwa matakin jinsi ko jinsi.
Misali, tawagar ta gano rotifers da tardigrades, kananun dabbobi biyu da aka sani suna bunƙasa a wasu wurare mafi tsanani da matsananciyar yanayi kuma ana ɗaukarsu wasu dabbobin da suka fi ƙarfin juriya da aka sani a duniya. Bugu da kari, sun gano karen dusar kankara na Tibet da aka samu a gandun dajin Sagarmatha kuma sun yi mamakin samun nau'o'in nau'ikan karnuka na gida da kaji wadanda ke wakiltar tasirin ayyukan bil'adama kan shimfidar wuri.
Har ila yau, sun gano bishiyoyin pine waɗanda kawai za a iya samun su a kan tsaunuka masu nisa da nisa daga inda aka yi samfurin, wanda ke nuna yadda pollen da iska ke tafiya a cikin wadannan magudanar ruwa. Wata halitta da suka samu a wurare da dama ita ce mayfly, sanannen alamar canjin muhalli.
Ƙididdigar eDNA za ta taimaka wa nazarin halittu na gaba na manyan Himalayas da nazarin kwayoyin halitta na baya-bayan nan don tantance canje-canje a kan lokaci yayin da ɗumamar yanayi ta haifar da dumamar yanayi, dusar ƙanƙara da tasirin ɗan adam ya canza wannan saurin canzawa, sanannen yanayin yanayin duniya.
Dokta Tracey Seimon na Shirin Kiwon Lafiyar Dabbobi na WCS, mataimakiyar jagoran tawagar Everest Biofield kuma mai gudanar da bincike, ya ce: “Akwai nau’in halittu masu yawa. Ya kamata a yi la'akari da yanayin tsaunuka, gami da Dutsen Everest, a matsayin batun ci gaba da sa ido na dogon lokaci game da bambancin halittun tsaunuka, baya ga lura da yanayin yanayi da kimanta tasirin canjin yanayi. ”
Dr Marisa Lim ta kungiyar kare namun daji ta ce: “Mun je rufin duniya don neman rayuwa. Ga abin da muka samo. Duk da haka, labarin bai ƙare a nan ba. taimaka sanar da hankali na gaba."
Darektan binciken filin, mai bincike na National Geographic kuma Mataimakin Farfesa a Jami'ar Jihar Appalachian Dokta Anton Simon ya ce: “Karni da suka shige, sa’ad da aka tambaye shi, ‘Me ya sa za ka je Everest?’, wani ɗan hawan dutse na Biritaniya George Mallory ya amsa, ‘Saboda a can ne. Ƙungiyarmu ta 2019 tana da ra'ayi daban-daban: mun je Dutsen Everest saboda yana da bayani kuma yana iya koya mana game da duniyar da muke rayuwa a cikinta. "
Ta hanyar samar da wannan buɗaɗɗen bayanan bayanai ga jama'ar bincike, marubutan suna fatan za su ba da gudummawa ga ƙoƙarin da ake yi na gina albarkatun ƙwayoyin cuta don yin nazari da bin diddigin canje-canje a cikin halittu masu rai a cikin manyan tsaunuka na duniya.
Maganar labarin: Lim et al., Amfani da DNA na muhalli don tantance bambancin halittu na Bishiyar Rayuwa a gefen kudu na Dutsen Everest, iScience (2022) Marisa KV Lim, 1Anton Seimon, 2Batya Nightingale, 1Charles SI Xu, 3Stefan RP Holloy, 4Adam J. Solon, 5Nicholas B. Dragon, 5Steven K. Schmidt, 5Alex Tate, 6Sandra Alvin, 6Aurora K. Elmore, 6,7 da Tracey A. Simon1,8,
1 Ƙungiyar Kula da Namun daji, Shirin Kiwon Lafiyar Zoological, Bronx Zoo, Bronx, NY 10460, Amurka 2 Jami'ar Jihar Appalachian, Sashen Geography da Tsare-tsare, Boone, NC 28608, Amurka 3 Jami'ar McGill, Redpath Department of Museums and Biology, Montreal, H3A 0G4 , KanadaQ94 Sashen Masana'antu na Farko, Wellington 6011, New Zealand 5 Jami'ar Colorado, Sashen Ilimin Halitta da Biology na Juyin Halitta, Boulder, CO 80309, Amurka 6 National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, 20036, USAQ107 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver- Spring, MD 20910, Amurka 8 Jagorar Tuntuɓar Sadarwa
Manufar: WCS tana ceton namun daji da namun daji a duk duniya ta hanyar kimiyya, ƙoƙarin kiyayewa, ilimi da ƙarfafa mutane su yaba yanayi. Don cika manufarmu, WCS ta dogara ne a gidan Zoo na Bronx, ta yin amfani da cikakken ikon shirinta na kiyayewa na duniya, wanda mutane miliyan 4 ke ziyarta kowace shekara a kusan kasashe 60 da dukan tekuna na duniya, da kuma wuraren shakatawa na namun daji guda biyar a New. York. WCS ta haɗa gwaninta a cikin gidajen namun daji da kifaye don cimma manufar kiyayewa. Ziyarci: newsroom.wcs.org Bi: @WCSNewsroom. Don ƙarin bayani: 347-840-1242. Saurari kwasfan sauti na WCS Wild a nan.
A matsayin babbar cibiyar jama'a a kudu maso gabas, Jami'ar Jihar Appalachian tana shirya ɗalibai don rayuwa mai gamsarwa a matsayin ƴan ƙasa na duniya waɗanda suka fahimta da ɗaukar alhakin samar da makoma mai dorewa ga kowa. Kwarewar Appalachian tana haɓaka ruhun haɗawa ta hanyar haɗa mutane tare a cikin hanyoyi masu ban sha'awa don samun da ƙirƙirar ilimi, girma gabaɗaya, aiki tare da sha'awa da azama, da rungumar bambancin da bambanci. Appalachians, dake cikin Dutsen Blue Ridge, ɗaya ne daga cikin cibiyoyin karatun 17 a cikin tsarin Jami'ar North Carolina. Tare da kusan ɗalibai 21,000, Jami'ar Appalachian tana da ƙarancin ɗaliban ɗalibai kuma tana ba da shirye-shiryen karatun digiri na 150 da na digiri.
Haɗin gwiwar National Geographic tare da Rolex yana goyan bayan balaguro don bincika wurare masu mahimmanci a duniya. Yin amfani da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun hanyoyin rayuwa a duniya, waɗannan balagurorin suna taimakawa masana kimiyya, masu tsara manufofi da al'ummomin gida suna tsarawa da samun mafita ga tasirin yanayi da yanayi. Yanayin yana canzawa, yana ba da abubuwan al'ajabi na duniyarmu ta labarai masu ƙarfi.
Kusan ƙarni guda, Rolex yana tallafawa masu bincike na farko waɗanda ke neman tura iyakokin yuwuwar ɗan adam. Kamfanin ya tashi daga ba da shawarar bincike don ganowa zuwa kare duniyar ta hanyar yin dogon lokaci don tallafawa mutane da kungiyoyi masu amfani da kimiyya don fahimta da haɓaka hanyoyin magance matsalolin muhalli na yau.
An ƙarfafa wannan haɗin gwiwa tare da ƙaddamar da Forever Planet a cikin 2019, wanda da farko ya mayar da hankali ga mutanen da ke ba da gudummawa ga mafi kyawun duniya ta hanyar Rolex Awards for Enterprise, kare tekuna ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa da Ofishin Jakadancin Blue, da kuma tabbatar da sauyin yanayi a gaskiya. fahimta a matsayin wani ɓangare na dangantakarta da National Geographic Society.
Faɗaɗɗen fayil na sauran haɗin gwiwar da aka karɓa a ƙarƙashin shirin Perpetual Planet yanzu ya haɗa da: balaguron balaguron balaguro wanda ke tura iyakokin bincike na ƙarƙashin ruwa; Gidauniyar Teku ɗaya da Menkab masu kare rayayyun halittun cetacean a cikin Bahar Rum; Xunaan-Ha Expedition yana bayyana ingancin ruwa a Yucatan, Mexico; BABBAN balaguro zuwa Arctic a cikin 2023 don tattara bayanai kan barazanar Arctic; Zukata A cikin Ice, kuma don tattara bayanai kan sauyin yanayi a cikin Arctic; da Monaco Blue Initiative, tare da haɗa masana kan hanyoyin kiyaye ruwa.
Rolex kuma yana goyan bayan ƙungiyoyi da tsare-tsare waɗanda ke haɓaka ƙarni na gaba na masu bincike, masana kimiyya da masu kiyayewa ta hanyar tallafin karatu da tallafi kamar Ƙungiyar Siyarwa ta Duniya ta Duniya da Rolex Explorers Club Grant.
National Geographic Society kungiya ce mai zaman kanta ta duniya wacce ke amfani da karfin kimiyya, bincike, ilimi, da ba da labari don haskakawa da kare abubuwan al'ajabi na duniyarmu. Tun daga 1888, National Geographic yana tura iyakokin bincike, yana saka hannun jari a cikin hazaka da ra'ayoyi masu canzawa, yana ba da tallafi sama da 15,000 na ayyukan yi a nahiyoyi bakwai, yana kai ɗalibai miliyan 3 kowace shekara tare da sadaukarwar ilimi, da ɗaukar hankalin duniya ta hanyar sa hannu. , labarai da abun ciki. Don ƙarin koyo, ziyarci www.nationalgeographic.org ko bi mu akan Instagram, Twitter da Facebook.
Manufar: WCS tana ceton namun daji da namun daji a duk duniya ta hanyar kimiyya, ƙoƙarin kiyayewa, ilimi da ƙarfafa mutane su yaba yanayi. Bisa ga gidan Zoo na Bronx, WCS tana amfani da cikakken ikon shirinta na kiyaye lafiyar duniya don cika manufarta, tare da baƙi miliyan 4 a kowace shekara a kusan kasashe 60 da dukan tekuna na duniya, da kuma wuraren shakatawa na namun daji guda biyar a birnin New York. WCS ta haɗa gwaninta a cikin gidajen namun daji da kifaye don cimma manufar kiyayewa. Ziyarci newsroom.wcs.org. Biyan kuɗi: @WCSNewsroom. Ƙarin bayani: +1 (347) 840-1242.
Co-kafa SpaceRef, memba na Explorers Club, tsohon-NASA, ziyartar tawagar, jarida, sararin samaniya da ilmin taurari, kasa hawa hawa.
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-10-2022